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| Antigenic Specificity | sMD-2 and sMD-2/TLR4, Human |
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| Clone | 4H1 |
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| Host Species | Mouse |
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| Reactive Species | human |
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| Isotype | IgG1 |
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| Format | unconjugated |
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| Size | 100 µg |
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| Concentration | 100 µg/ml |
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| Applications | FC, functional studies, immunoassay, IF, WB |
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| Reviews / Ratings | If you have used this antibody, please help fellow researchers by submitting reviews to pAbmAbs and antYbuddY. |
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| Description | The monoclonal antibody 4H1 reacts with soluble MD-2 (sMD-2) and the sMD-2/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, CD284) complex. TLRs belong to a family of proteins that specifically recognizes and senses microbial products. They are highly conserved throughout evolution and act as innate immune recognition receptors against many pathogens. TLR4 is a functional receptor for gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). TLR4 associates with MD-2 which is absolutely required for LPS-induced activation of TLR4. MD-2 exists as a cell surface protein in association with TLR4. It also exists as secreted forms consisting of MD-2 monomer and multimers. Circulating sMD-2 is mainly present as a doublet of ~20 and 25 kD, representing differentially glycosylated forms. Unlike TLR4, sMD-2 binds directly LPS without the need of soluble CD14 (sCD14). However, LPS-MD-2 interactions are increased when LPS is pretreated with CD14. Only monomeric sMD-2 is biologically active and able to associate with TLR4 and LPS. sMD-2 circulates in plasma of healthy individuals as a non-active, polymeric protein. In septic plasma, the total amount of sMD-2 was strongly elevated and contained both sMD-2 polymers and monomers. Soluble MD-2 is proposed to be an important mediator of organ inflammation during sepsis. During experimental human endotoxemia, the monomeric and total sMD-2 content in plasma increased with the kinetics of an acute phase protein. This parallels enhanced TLR4 costimulatory activity. In vitro studies revealed that sMD-2 release appears to be restricted to endothelial and dendritic cells. The monoclonal antibody 4H1 reacts with both the monomeric and the polymeric form of sMD-2. In addition, the monoclonal antibody 4H1 is able to inhibit LPS binding to MD-2.It does not cross-react with mouse MD-2. |
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| Immunogen | Baculovirally expressed His-tagged human MD-2 |
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| Other Names | Lymphocyte antigen 96, ESOP-1, LY96 |
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| Gene, Accession # | n/a |
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| Catalog # | HM2243 |
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| Price | |
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| Order / More Info | sMD-2 and sMD-2/TLR4, Human Antibody from HYCULT BIOTECH |
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| Product Specific References | n/a |
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